史上最全的 Java 新手问题汇总(2)_H5之家 - 中国HTML5教程资源分享第一站

试着运行下下面的程序。它会告诉你什么是死锁。这个死锁是由于两个线程都在等待对方所拥有的资源，因此会产生死锁。它们会一直等待，没有谁会先放手。

public class DeadlockDemo { public static Object addLock = new Object(); public static Object subLock = new Object(); public static void main(String args[]) { MyAdditionThread add = new MyAdditionThread(); MySubtractionThread sub = new MySubtractionThread(); add.start(); sub.start(); } private static class MyAdditionThread extends Thread { public void run() { synchronized (addLock) { int a = 10, b = 3; int c = a + b; System.out.println("Addition Thread: " + c); System.out.println("Holding First Lock..."); try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) {} System.out.println("Addition Thread: Waiting for AddLock..."); synchronized (subLock) { System.out.println("Threads: Holding Add and Sub Locks..."); } } } } private static class MySubtractionThread extends Thread { public void run() { synchronized (subLock) { int a = 10, b = 3; int c = a - b; System.out.println("Subtraction Thread: " + c); System.out.println("Holding Second Lock..."); try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) {} System.out.println("Subtraction Thread: Waiting for SubLock..."); synchronized (addLock) { System.out.println("Threads: Holding Add and Sub Locks..."); } } } } }

输出：

Addition Thread: 13 Subtraction Thread: 7 Holding First Lock... Holding Second Lock... Addition Thread: Waiting for AddLock... Subtraction Thread: Waiting for SubLock...

但如果调用的顺序变一下的话，死锁的问题就解决了。

public class DeadlockSolutionDemo { public static Object addLock = new Object(); public static Object subLock = new Object(); public static void main(String args[]) { MyAdditionThread add = new MyAdditionThread(); MySubtractionThread sub = new MySubtractionThread(); add.start(); sub.start(); } private static class MyAdditionThread extends Thread { public void run() { synchronized (addLock) { int a = 10, b = 3; int c = a + b; System.out.println("Addition Thread: " + c); System.out.println("Holding First Lock..."); try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) {} System.out.println("Addition Thread: Waiting for AddLock..."); synchronized (subLock) { System.out.println("Threads: Holding Add and Sub Locks..."); } } } } private static class MySubtractionThread extends Thread { public void run() { synchronized (addLock) { int a = 10, b = 3; int c = a - b; System.out.println("Subtraction Thread: " + c); System.out.println("Holding Second Lock..."); try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) {} System.out.println("Subtraction Thread: Waiting for SubLock..."); synchronized (subLock) { System.out.println("Threads: Holding Add and Sub Locks..."); } } } } }

输出：

Addition Thread: 13 Holding First Lock... Addition Thread: Waiting for AddLock... Threads: Holding Add and Sub Locks... Subtraction Thread: 7 Holding Second Lock... Subtraction Thread: Waiting for SubLock... Threads: Holding Add and Sub Locks...替Java省点内存

某些Java程序是CPU密集型的，但它们会需要大量的内存。这类程序通常运行得很缓慢，因为它们对内存的需求很大。为了能提升这类应用的性能，可得给它们多留点内存。因此，假设我们有一台拥有10G内存的Tomcat服务器。在这台机器上，我们可以用如下的这条命令来分配内存:

export JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Xms5000m -Xmx6000m -XX:PermSize=1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=2048m"

数据类型所用字节有效位数

float47

double815

在对精度要求高的场景下，double类型相对float要更流行一些，理由如下：

大多数处理器在处理float和double上所需的时间都是差不多的。而计算时间一样的前提下，double类型却能提供更高的精度。

幂运算

Java是通过异或操作来进行幂运算的。Java对于幂运算有两种处理方式：

乘积：double square = double a * double a; // Optimized double cube = double a * double a * double a; // Non-optimized double cube = double a * double square; // Optimized double quad = double a * double a * double a * double a; // Non-optimized double quad = double square * double square; // Optimizedpow方法：在无法使用乘积的情况下可以使用pow方法。double cube = Math.pow(base, exponent);

不到万不得已不要使用Math.pow。比方说，当指数是小数的时候。因为Math.pow要比乘积慢300-600倍左右。

如何处理空指针异常

空指针异常是Java中很常见的异常。当你尝试调用一个null对象上的方法时便会抛出这个异常。比如：

int noOfStudents = school.listStudents().count;

在上述例子中，school为空或者listStudents()为空都可能会抛出了NullPointerException。因此最好检查下对象是否为空以避免类似情况。

private int getListOfStudents(File[] files) { if (files == null) throw new NullPointerException("File list cannot be null"); }JSON编码

JSON是数据存储及传输的一种协议。与XML相比，它更易于使用。由于它非常轻量级以及自身的一些特性，现在JSON在网络上已经是越来越流行了。常见的数据结构都可以编码成JSON然后在各个网页间自由地传输。不过在开始编码前，你得先安装一个JSON解析器。在下面的例子中，我们将使用json.simple库来完成这项工作 (https://code.google.com/p/json-simple/)。